Graphite acts as an electrical bridge between the plated Li and Li electrode, which lowers the impedance and buffers the volume expansion during Li plating/stripping. Higher capacity, longer cycling stability and lower voltage hysteresis were obtained with the use of the graphite and SiO 2 modified Li anode. The graphite-SiO 2 bilayer modified Li anode showed an improved capacity retention of 98.57% for lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode (NMC111) and 96.78% for lithium titanate (LTO), compared to bare Li anodes at 82.73% (NMC111) and 92.31% (LTO), respectively. metal was demonstrated, for the first time, as an effective SEI layer. To resolve these problems, radio frequency (R-F) sputtered ultrathin bilayer of graphite and SiO 2 ultrathin bilayer on a Li. However, the notorious reactivity, uncontrolled solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and undesired results in low battery performance and risk for safety concern. Lithium metal anodes have attracted great attention due to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential.
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